The Physical Evaluation Board (PEB) is a pivotal step in the military’s Integrated Disability Evaluation System (IDES), responsible for determining whether a service member can continue serving based on their medical condition.
When a service member develops an illness or injury that affects their ability to perform their duties, the case is referred to the PEB after an initial evaluation by the Medical Evaluation Board (MEB).
This board’s decision will significantly impact whether the service member is returned to duty, medically separated, or retired.
Understanding the PEB process is mission critical, as it can shape the future of a service member’s military career and access to various benefits.
Table of Contents
Summary of Key Points
- PEB Determines Fitness for Duty: The Physical Evaluation Board (PEB) evaluates whether a service member is fit to continue their military service due to medical conditions. It also assigns a disability rating and decides whether the service member should be separated, retired, or returned to duty.
- MEB Refers Cases to PEB: The Medical Evaluation Board (MEB) assesses a service member’s medical condition to determine if they meet military retention standards. If they don’t, the case is referred to the PEB for further evaluation and decision-making.
- Two Types of PEB: The Informal PEB (IPEB) conducts an initial review based on medical records, while the Formal PEB (FPEB) allows the service member to present additional evidence if they disagree with the IPEB’s findings.
- Appealing PEB Decisions: If a service member disagrees with the PEB’s decision, they can appeal through a Formal PEB or further appeal the disability rating through the VA. Legal representation and detailed documentation can help strengthen the appeal.
The Role of the PEB
The PEB is a formal body comprised of field-grade officers or civilian equivalents who evaluate the medical and administrative evidence to determine if a service member’s condition makes them “unfit for duty.”
If the PEB concludes that the service member is unfit, they will decide if the member should be medically separated, retired, or placed on the Temporary Disability Retired List (TDRL).
Types of PEB: Informal vs. Formal
There are two levels of PEBs:
- Informal PEB (IPEB): The first stage in the PEB process is usually an informal review where the board assesses the service member’s medical records and any evidence submitted. The service member does not attend this review. The IPEB can decide to return the member to duty, place them on limited duty, or determine them unfit for duty and assign disability ratings accordingly.
- Formal PEB (FPEB): If the service member disagrees with the IPEB’s decision, they can request a Formal PEB. The FPEB involves a hearing where the service member can present additional evidence, call witnesses, and argue their case. This board has at least three members, including a military officer, a physician, and a line officer.
Preparing for the Military PEB
Service members facing a PEB should prepare by thoroughly documenting their medical conditions and how these conditions impact their ability to perform their duties.
It’s essential to submit all pertinent medical records to the MEB to ensure that the PEB has a complete understanding of the case.
The outcome of the PEB can have significant implications, including the potential for medical retirement, separation, or ongoing medical benefits, so meticulous preparation is key.
How Military PEB Disability Ratings Work
The Physical Evaluation Board (PEB) assigns a disability rating based on a service member’s medical condition and its impact on their ability to perform their military duties.
This rating is a critical part of the Integrated Disability Evaluation System (IDES) and is used to determine whether a service member should be medically separated, retired, or returned to duty.
Rating Based on DoD and VA Guidelines
The PEB assigns disability ratings using guidelines from the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
These ratings range from 0% to 100%, in 10% increments, and correspond to the severity of the medical condition and its impact on the service member’s functional capacity.
Impact on Disability Benefits
A disability rating of 30% or higher generally qualifies a service member for medical retirement, which includes benefits such as lifetime monthly retirement pay and access to healthcare.
A disability rating of less than 30% typically results in medical separation with a severance payment, but no retirement benefits.
Factors Considered by the PEB
The PEB evaluates whether the condition is service-connected and if it renders the service member unfit for duty.
The board considers medical records, functional capacity evaluations, and the service member’s ability to perform their specific military duties.
Temporary Disability Retirement List (TDRL)
If the condition is expected to improve, the service member may be placed on the Temporary Disability Retirement List (TDRL), where they are periodically re-evaluated.
Appealing the PEB Decision
If a service member disagrees with the PEB’s findings, they have the right to appeal.
This appeal can involve submitting new medical evidence, challenging legal errors, or providing letters of support from commanders or supervisors.
An experienced military law attorney can be invaluable during this process, ensuring that the service member’s rights are protected and that the appeal is as strong as possible.
Tips and Strategies
- Document Everything: Ensure that all your medical conditions are thoroughly documented, with detailed records showing the impact on your ability to perform military duties.
- Seek Legal Advice: Consider consulting with a military law attorney who can guide you through the PEB process, especially if you are considering an appeal.
- Understand the Ratings: Familiarize yourself with how the VA and DoD disability ratings work, as these will influence the PEB’s decisions regarding your future in the military.
- Be Proactive: If you are facing a PEB, don’t wait for things to happen. Be proactive in gathering and submitting all necessary documentation and evidence.
Navigating the PEB process can be challenging, but with the right preparation and support, service members can effectively advocate for their rights and secure the benefits they deserve.
The PEB vs. The MEB Comparison Chart
| Aspect | PEB (Physical Evaluation Board) | MEB (Medical Evaluation Board) |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | The PEB evaluates whether the service member is fit for continued military service. It also determines the disability rating and whether the member should be separated, retired, or returned to duty. | The MEB assesses the service member’s medical condition(s) to determine if they meet the standards for retention in the military. It forwards its findings to the PEB for final disposition. |
| Process Initiation | Begins after the MEB concludes and refers the case for further evaluation regarding fitness for duty and potential disability ratings. | Begins when a military medical provider refers a service member for evaluation due to a condition that may impact their ability to perform duties. |
| Decision Maker | The PEB consists of both medical and non-medical personnel who determine the service member’s fitness for duty and assign disability ratings when applicable. | The MEB is made up of military medical professionals who evaluate the service member’s health and readiness for continued service. |
| Outcome | The PEB decides whether the service member will be retained, separated, or medically retired, and assigns a disability rating if applicable. | The MEB only forwards recommendations; it does not assign disability ratings or make final separation decisions. It submits its findings to the PEB for further review. |
| Disability Rating | The PEB is responsible for assigning a disability rating based on the severity of the service member’s condition, following VA and DoD guidelines. | The MEB does not assign disability ratings but can recommend that the service member’s case be evaluated for fitness for duty by the PEB. |
| Appeal Process | Service members can appeal PEB decisions by requesting a formal hearing or appealing the disability rating decision with the VA. | MEB findings cannot be directly appealed, but service members can submit additional medical evidence before the case is reviewed by the PEB. |
| Length of Process | The PEB process can take longer, as it involves evaluating the member’s ability to perform their duties, assigning disability ratings, and considering appeals. | The MEB process is generally shorter and focuses on medical assessments and whether the service member meets retention standards. |
DoD Instruction 1332.18 – The Disability Evaluation System
The PEB process is govered by DoD Instruction 1332.18, effective November 10, 2022, and can be downloaded below:
Physical Evaluation Board (PEB): Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the Physical Evaluation Board (PEB)?
The Physical Evaluation Board (PEB) is a group of field grade officers or civilian equivalents within the military who have the authority to determine whether a service member’s medical conditions render them unfit for duty. This board plays a crucial role in the Integrated Disability Evaluation System (IDES) by making decisions on the fitness of service members and whether they qualify for DoD Disability.
What is the Purpose of the Physical Evaluation Board (PEB)?
The primary purpose of the PEB is to evaluate the service member’s medical conditions and determine which of those conditions are service-connected and make the service member unfit for continued military service. Based on this evaluation, the PEB assigns a disability rating in coordination with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and decides whether the service member should be medically separated, retired, or placed on the Temporary Disability Retired List (TDRL).
How Does the PEB Fit into the Integrated Disability Evaluation System (IDES)?
The PEB is the fifth step in the IDES process, which begins when a service member is referred to the Medical Evaluation Board (MEB). The MEB reviews the service member’s medical conditions and forwards those deemed medically unacceptable to the PEB. The PEB then determines whether these conditions make the service member unfit for duty and assigns a disability rating.
What Are the Two Types of PEB?
The PEB process is divided into two main boards: the Informal Physical Evaluation Board (IPEB) and the Formal Physical Evaluation Board (FPEB).
- Informal Physical Evaluation Board (IPEB): The IPEB is the initial board that reviews the MEB’s findings and determines whether any conditions make the service member unfit for duty. The IPEB consists of at least two members, but a third member may be added if there is disagreement.
- Formal Physical Evaluation Board (FPEB): If a service member disagrees with the IPEB’s decision, they can appeal to the FPEB. This board is more formal and includes a military officer as the board president, a physician, and a line officer. The FPEB re-examines all evidence and, if necessary, holds a hearing where the service member can present additional evidence and witness testimony.
What Happens During the Informal Physical Evaluation Board (IPEB)?
The IPEB reviews the findings from the MEB to determine which, if any, of the service member’s conditions are unfitting for duty. If the IPEB finds no conditions unfit, the service member may return to duty or be placed on duty with limitations. If the IPEB finds conditions that are unfitting, those conditions are sent to the VA to be assigned a disability rating. The IPEB then decides whether the service member should be medically separated, retired, or placed on the TDRL.
What Can I Expect During the Formal Physical Evaluation Board (FPEB)?
If you appeal the IPEB’s decision, the FPEB will re-evaluate all the evidence, including the MEB’s findings, the IPEB’s decision, and any new evidence you provide. A formal hearing may be scheduled where you can present your case, either in person or via video or phone, and have witnesses testify on your behalf. The FPEB can uphold the original decision or adjust it. If you are still dissatisfied with the decision, you may pursue further appeals.
How Should I Prepare for the Physical Evaluation Board?
To ensure your conditions are judged correctly, it is essential to submit comprehensive and accurate medical documentation during the MEB process. Make sure all relevant medical records, treatment histories, and evidence of how your conditions affect your duties are included. This documentation will be critical in helping the PEB make an informed decision about your fitness for duty and disability rating.
What If I Disagree With the Final Decision of the PEB?
If you disagree with the PEB’s final decision, you have the right to appeal to higher military boards, such as the Board for Correction of Military Records (BCMR). This appeal involves submitting a request for reconsideration, including any new evidence that supports your claim. If the BCMR finds in your favor, your discharge status and benefits may be adjusted.
Can I Have Legal Representation During the PEB Process?
Yes, you are entitled to legal representation during the PEB process, especially during the FPEB. Legal counsel can help you navigate the process, gather evidence, and present your case effectively. Many service members find it beneficial to have a lawyer, particularly when appealing an IPEB decision.
What Are the Potential Outcomes of the PEB Process?
The PEB can determine several possible outcomes depending on their evaluation:
- Return to Duty: If the PEB finds no unfitting conditions, you may return to full duty or duty with limitations.
- Medical Separation: If you are found unfit with a disability rating of less than 30%, you will be medically separated with a severance payment.
- Medical Retirement: If you are found unfit with a disability rating of 30% or higher, or you have 20 years of service, you will be medically retired with monthly retirement pay and benefits.
- Temporary Disability Retired List (TDRL): If your condition is expected to improve, you may be placed on the TDRL and re-evaluated periodically.
How Long Does the PEB Process Take?
The entire PEB process typically takes about 2 to 3 months, but the timeline can vary based on several factors like the complexity of the case and whether appeals are involved.
Here’s a more detailed look at the timeline:
- Initial Evaluation by the MEB (Medical Evaluation Board): The MEB reviews medical evidence and refers the case to the PEB. This can take 1-2 months depending on the documentation required and the medical complexity of the condition.
- Informal PEB (IPEB): The IPEB typically reviews the service member’s file and medical records within 30 to 45 days. During this stage, the service member doesn’t appear in person, and decisions are based on existing documentation.
- Formal PEB (FPEB): If the service member disagrees with the IPEB decision, they can request a Formal PEB, which can add another 1 to 2 months to the process. The FPEB involves a hearing where the service member can present additional evidence and testimony.
- Total Time: From the initiation of the process through to the final PEB decision (including appeals), the overall time can range from 2 to 3 months or longer, depending on case complexity, the need for appeals, and the availability of medical evaluations
What Benefits Will I Receive If I Qualify for DoD Disability?
If the PEB determines that your conditions are unfitting and you qualify for DoD disability, you will receive either a one-time severance payment (if medically separated) or monthly retirement pay and benefits (if medically retired). Additionally, you will be eligible to receive VA disability benefits, which are determined separately by the VA.
What Should I Do If I Am Placed on the Temporary Disability Retired List (TDRL)?
If you are placed on the TDRL, you will receive retirement pay and benefits, but your condition will be re-evaluated periodically to determine if it has improved, worsened, or remained stable. After a maximum of five years on TDRL, the PEB will make a final determination regarding your status.
Can the PEB Decision Be Overturned After I Leave the Military?
In some cases, it is possible to have a PEB decision overturned after you have left the military. If new evidence emerges or there were errors in the original process, you can apply to the BCMR or a similar entity to have your case re-evaluated. If the BCMR finds in your favor, your discharge status and benefits may be adjusted accordingly.
About the Author
Brian Reese
Brian Reese is a world-renowned VA disability benefits expert and the #1 bestselling author of VA Claim Secrets and You Deserve It. Motivated by his own frustration with the VA claim process, Brian founded VA Claims Insider to help disabled veterans secure their VA disability compensation faster, regardless of their past struggles with the VA. Since 2013, he has positively impacted the lives of over 10 million military, veterans, and their families.
A former active-duty Air Force officer, Brian has extensive experience leading diverse teams in challenging international environments, including a combat tour in Afghanistan in 2011 supporting Operation ENDURING FREEDOM.
Brian is a Distinguished Graduate of Management from the United States Air Force Academy and earned his MBA from Oklahoma State University’s Spears School of Business, where he was a National Honor Scholar, ranking in the top 1% of his class.
